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1992-10-01
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@061 CHAP 9
┌───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ INTERNAL CONTROLS CHECKLIST │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
"Conscience is the inner voice that warns us
that someone may be looking." -- H.L. Mencken
"Never trust a bookkeeper who comes to work in
a chauffeured Rolls-Royce."
-- Jenkins' First Law of Business Survival
Many small businesses are deficient when it comes to main-
taining proper internal accounting and financial controls.
Such laxity is often to blame when a bookkeeper goes on
vacation to Brazil and doesn't bother to return. While
consulting a certified public accountant is highly advis-
able in determining whether your business has adequate in-
ternal controls, the following 10-point checklist will also
be helpful in a review of your procedures:
1. Do not let the same person handle your cash receipts
and also make bank deposits (unless this person is you).
2. A person who has the authority to sign checks should
not also be the person who writes them out.
3. Whoever signs checks, you or another person, should
only sign them when the bill that is being paid is present-
ed at the time for scrutiny, and the check number should be
written on the bill at the time, to avoid double payments
or payments to a non-existent vendor that is actually your
employee's Swiss bank account. At the time you sign a
check, be sure you know what the bill is for.
4. Consider using some type of mechanical check imprint-
ing equipment for all checks that are written, as a further
means of preventing unauthorized payments. Such machines
keep a record of the amount of any checks written.
5. Use only pre-numbered checks and keep all of the can-
celed (or voided) checks in your records. This will help
make it readily apparent if any additional checks are writ-
ten without your knowledge.
6. Do a monthly bank reconciliation yourself, or have
your outside accountant do it, if you have one. NEVER let
the person who writes checks do the bank reconciliation. We
personally know of a successful professional firm that was
nearly bankrupted because they allowed their in-house book-
keeper to do both jobs, since she was the ex-wife of one of
the three partners in the firm and was considered to be to-
tally trustworthy. That little error in judgment on their
part wound up costing them well over a half million dollars.
7. Deposit your daily cash receipts in the bank each
day. Don't let cash collections for one day get mingled
with the next day's collections.
8. Use a petty cash fund and voucher system for stamps,
small bills, and other small cash outlays. Do not use cash
from the day's receipts to pay bills! Put a voucher or
bill in the petty cash box each time money is taken out.
When the fund is depleted, write a check to bring it back
up to the maximum amount (say $100), and record all the
vouchers at the time the check is cashed to replenish the
fund.
9. Use prenumbered sets of sales checks, invoices, and
receipts to keep control of payments made and received.
Duplicates will be kept track of by the individuals making
sales, etc., and the master copy will enable you to make
sure they account for all their transactions.
10. Maintain a master or control account for all of your
accounts receivable, and reconcile it each month to the
subsidiary accounts. If someone is stealing money from cus-
tomer payments, it will be easier to spot if the master and
subsidiary accounts are reconciled regularly.